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1. Application and introduction of microscope: An optical microscope is an optical instrument that uses optical principles to magnify tiny objects that cannot be distinguished by the human eye, so that scholars can extract information about microstructures. The optical imaging system of a microscope consists of two parts. The lens group close to the object is called the objective lens; the lens group close to the eye is called the eyepiece. The objective lens group images the object on the front focal plane of the eyepiece, forming an enlarged inverted real image, which is called the intermediate image, and then the eyepiece group enlarges it again for visual observation.

2. According to the number of eyepieces, microscopes can be divided into monocular, binocular and trinocular microscopes.

（1）Monocular: relatively cheap, easy to learn, suitable for beginners.

（2）Binocular: slightly more expensive, two-eye observation, more comfortable.

（3）Trinocular: one more eye than binocular, mainly used with digital cameras or computers, more suitable for people who work for a long time.

Biological microscope: the most common type, which can be seen in many laboratories. It is mainly used to observe and study biological slices, biological cells, bacteria, living tissue culture, fluid sedimentation, etc. It can also observe other translucent objects, powders, bacteria, tissue culture, suspensions, sediments, etc. It can continuously observe the process of cell and bacteria reproduction and division in culture fluid, etc. It is widely used in cytology, parasitology, oncology, immunology, genetic engineering, industrial microbiology, botany and other fields.

Metallographic microscope: It is mainly used to identify and analyze the internal structure of metals. It is an important instrument for metallographic research and a key equipment for industrial departments to identify product quality. It is a microscope specially used to observe the metallographic structure of opaque objects such as metals and minerals. These opaque objects cannot be observed in ordinary projected light microscopes, so the main difference between metallographic microscopes and ordinary microscopes is that the former observes with reflected light and the latter illuminates with transmitted light. Metals, ceramics, integrated circuits, electronic chips, printed circuit boards, liquid crystal panels, films, powders, toners, wires, fibers, lithium layers and other non-metallic materials can be observed under a metallographic microscope to inspect and analyze the internal structure of metals. It can also be used in industrial production to observe scratches and marks on the metal surface. The magnification is generally 40-400×, and some can reach 800×.